polyvinylidene fluoride scaffolds immobilized with a vitronectin-derived peptide

Use of Alcalase in the production of bioactive peptides: A review 

This review aims to cover the uses of the commercially available protease Alcalase in the production of biologically active peptides since 2010. Immobilization of Alcalase has also been reviewed, as immobilization of the enzyme may improve the final reaction design enabling the use of more drastic conditions and the reuse of the biocatalyst.

That way, this review presents the production, via Alcalase hydrolysis of different proteins, of peptides with antioxidant, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory, metal binding, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities (among other bioactivities) and peptides that improve the functional, sensory and nutritional properties of foods.

Alcalase has proved to be among the most efficient proteases for this goal, using different protein sources, being especially interesting the use of the protein residues from food industry as feedstock, as this also solves nature pollution problems.

Very interestingly, the bioactivities of the protein hydrolysates further improved when Alcalase is used in a combined way with other proteases both in a sequential way or in a simultaneous hydrolysis (something that could be related to the concept of combi-enzymes), as the combination of proteases with different selectivities and specificities enable the production of a larger amount of peptides and of a smaller size.

Development of A2G80 peptide-gene complex for targeted delivery to muscle cells

 Therapeutic strategies based on antisense oligonucleotides and therapeutic genes are being extensively investigated for the treatment of hereditary muscle diseases and hold great promise. However, the cellular uptake of these polyanions to the muscle cells is inefficient. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective methods of gene delivery into the muscle tissue.

• The A2G80 peptide (VQLRNGFPYFSY) from the laminin α2 chain has high affinity for α-dystroglycan (α-DG) which is expressed on the membrane of muscle cells. In this study, we designed a peptide-modified A2G80 with oligoarginine and oligohistidine (A2G80-R9-H8), and prepared peptide/plasmid DNA (pDNA) complex, to develop an efficient gene delivery system for the muscle tissue.

• The peptide/pDNA complex showed α-DG-dependent cellular uptake of the A2G80 sequence and significantly improved gene transfection efficiency mediated by the oligohistidine sequence in C2C12 myoblast cells. Further, the peptide/pDNA complex promoted efficient and sustained gene expression in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models. The A2G80-R9-H8 peptide has the potential for use as a specific carrier for targeting muscle in gene therapy in muscular dystrophy.

Synthetic peptide hydrogels as 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering

 The regeneration of tissues and organs poses an immense challenge due to the extreme complexity in the research work involved. Despite the tissue engineering approach being considered as a promising strategy for more than two decades, a key issue impeding its progress is the lack of ideal scaffold materials.

Nature-inspired synthetic peptide hydrogels are inherently biocompatible, and its high resemblance to extracellular matrix makes peptide hydrogels suitable 3D scaffold materials. This review covers the important aspects of peptide hydrogels as 3D scaffolds, including mechanical properties, biodegradability and bioactivity, and the current approaches in creating matrices with optimized features. Many of these scaffolds contain peptide sequences that are widely reported for tissue repair and regeneration and these peptide sequences will also be discussed.

Furthermore, 3D biofabrication strategies of synthetic peptide hydrogels and the recent advances of peptide hydrogels in tissue engineering will also be described to reflect the current trend in the field. In the final section, we will present the future outlook in the design and development of peptide-based hydrogels for translational tissue engineering applications.

Study of the Interaction of a Novel Semi-Synthetic Peptide with Model Lipid Membranes 

• Most linear peptides directly interact with membranes, but the mechanisms of interaction are far from being completely understood. Here, we present an investigation of the membrane interactions of a designed peptide containing a non-natural, synthetic amino acid. We selected a nonapeptide that is reported to interact with phospholipid membranes, ALYLAIRKR, abbreviated as ALY.

• We designed a modified peptide (azoALY) by substituting the tyrosine residue of ALY with an antimicrobial azobenzene-bearing amino acid. Both of the peptides were examined for their ability to interact with model membranes, assessing the penetration of phospholipid monolayers, and leakage across the bilayer of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs).

• The latter was performed in a microfluidic device in order to study the kinetics of leakage of entrapped calcein from the vesicles at the single vesicle level. Both types of vesicles were prepared from a 9:1 (mol/mol) mixture of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and POPG (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho(1′-rac-glycerol). Calcein leakage from the vesicles was more pronounced at a low concentration in the case of azoALY than for ALY.

• Increased vesicle membrane disturbance in the presence of azoALY was also evident from an enzymatic assay with LUVs and entrapped horseradish peroxidase. Molecular dynamics simulations of ALY and azoALY in an anionic POPC/POPG model bilayer showed that ALY peptide only interacts with the lipid head groups.
• In contrast, azoALY penetrates the hydrophobic core of the bilayers causing a stronger membrane perturbation as compared to ALY, in qualitative agreement with the experimental results from the leakage assays.

Glypican 6 protein (His tag)
MBS5304221-5x01mg	MyBiosource	5x0.1mg	EUR 10470

Human Glypican-6 (GPC6)
1-CSB-YP009708HU	Cusabio	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100ug 10ug 1MG 200ug 500ug 50ug
Description: Recombinant Human Glypican-6(GPC6) expressed in Yeast

Human Glypican-1 (GPC1) Protein
abx060282-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 944.4

Human Glypican-1 (GPC1) Protein
abx060282-100g	Abbexa	100 µg	Ask for price

Human Glypican-1 (GPC1) Protein
abx060282-10g	Abbexa	10 µg	EUR 700

Human Glypican-1 (GPC1) Protein
abx060282-50g	Abbexa	50 µg	Ask for price

Human Glypican-1 (GPC1) Protein
abx694143-10nmol	Abbexa	10 nmol	EUR 400

Human Glypican-1 (GPC1) Protein
abx694143-5nmol	Abbexa	5 nmol	EUR 300

Recombinant Human Glypican 3 Protein
MBS9141716-002mg	MyBiosource	0.02mg	EUR 195

Recombinant Human Glypican 3 Protein
MBS9141716-005mg	MyBiosource	0.05mg	EUR 255

Recombinant Human Glypican 3 Protein
MBS9141716-01mg	MyBiosource	0.1mg	EUR 335

Recombinant Human Glypican 3 Protein
MBS9141716-5x01mg	MyBiosource	5x0.1mg	EUR 1330

Recombinant Human Glypican 1 Protein
MBS9141834-002mg	MyBiosource	0.02mg	EUR 195

Recombinant Human Glypican 1 Protein
MBS9141834-005mg	MyBiosource	0.05mg	EUR 255

Recombinant Human Glypican 1 Protein
MBS9141834-01mg	MyBiosource	0.1mg	EUR 335

Recombinant Human Glypican 1 Protein
MBS9141834-5x01mg	MyBiosource	5x0.1mg	EUR 1330

Recombinant Human Glypican 1 Protein
MBS8305000-001mg	MyBiosource	0.01mg	EUR 235

Recombinant Human Glypican 1 Protein
MBS8305000-005mg	MyBiosource	0.05mg	EUR 510

Recombinant Human Glypican 1 Protein
MBS8305000-05mg	MyBiosource	0.5mg	EUR 2375

Recombinant Human Glypican 1 Protein
MBS8305000-5x05mg	MyBiosource	5x0.5mg	EUR 10585

Recombinant Human Glypican-6
MBS1190971-002mgEColi	MyBiosource	0.02mg(E-Coli)	EUR 255

Recombinant Human Glypican-6
MBS1190971-002mgYeast	MyBiosource	0.02mg(Yeast)	EUR 270

Recombinant Human Glypican-6
MBS1190971-01mgEColi	MyBiosource	0.1mg(E-Coli)	EUR 405

Recombinant Human Glypican-6
MBS1190971-01mgYeast	MyBiosource	0.1mg(Yeast)	EUR 450

Recombinant Human Glypican-6
MBS1190971-1mgEColi	MyBiosource	1mg(E-Coli)	EUR 1425

Recombinant Human Glypican-6
MBS9422309-002mg	MyBiosource	0.02mg	EUR 320

Recombinant Human Glypican-6
MBS9422309-01mg	MyBiosource	0.1mg	EUR 540

Recombinant Human Glypican-6
MBS9422309-1mg	MyBiosource	1mg	EUR 2070

Recombinant Human Glypican-6
MBS9422309-5x1mg	MyBiosource	5x1mg	EUR 9160

Human Glypican 1 (GPC1) Protein
20-abx066889	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
20-abx066892	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug

Human Glypican 4 (GPC4) Protein
20-abx066893	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx060155-100ug	Abbexa	100 ug	EUR 1362

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx060263-1mg	Abbexa	1 mg	EUR 2532

Human Glypican 2 (GPC2) Protein
20-abx653616	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100 ug 10 ug 1 mg 200 ug 50 ug

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx060155-100g	Abbexa	100 µg	Ask for price

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx060155-10g	Abbexa	10 µg	EUR 1037.5

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx060155-50g	Abbexa	50 µg	EUR 2987.5

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx060263-100g	Abbexa	100 µg	Ask for price

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx060263-10g	Abbexa	10 µg	EUR 1975

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx060263-50g	Abbexa	50 µg	Ask for price

Human Glypican 1 (GPC1) Protein
abx066889-100g	Abbexa	100 µg	EUR 425

Human Glypican 1 (GPC1) Protein
abx066889-10g	Abbexa	10 µg	EUR 187.5

Human Glypican 1 (GPC1) Protein
abx066889-50g	Abbexa	50 µg	EUR 300

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx066892-100g	Abbexa	100 µg	EUR 512.5

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx066892-10g	Abbexa	10 µg	EUR 212.5

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx066892-50g	Abbexa	50 µg	EUR 362.5

Human Glypican 4 (GPC4) Protein
abx066893-100g	Abbexa	100 µg	EUR 625

Human Glypican 4 (GPC4) Protein
abx066893-10g	Abbexa	10 µg	EUR 237.5

Human Glypican 4 (GPC4) Protein
abx066893-50g	Abbexa	50 µg	EUR 425

Human Glypican 2 (GPC2) Protein
abx653616-100g	Abbexa	100 µg	EUR 1800

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx680130-10g	Abbexa	10 µg	EUR 225

Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) Protein
abx680130-50g	Abbexa	50 µg	EUR 325

Human Glypican 5 (GPC5) Protein
abx691793-100g	Abbexa	100 µg	EUR 837.5

Human Glypican 5 (GPC5) Protein
abx691793-1mg	Abbexa	1 mg	Ask for price

Glypican 6, Recombinant, Human (Glypiated Proteoglycan 6)
MBS637975-005mg	MyBiosource	0.05mg	EUR 940

Glypican 6, Recombinant, Human (Glypiated Proteoglycan 6)
MBS637975-5x005mg	MyBiosource	5x0.05mg	EUR 4080

Human Glypican-6,GPC-6 ELISA Kit
YLA3605HU-48T	Shanghai YL Biotech	48T	Ask for price

Human Glypican-6,GPC-6 ELISA Kit
YLA3605HU-96T	Shanghai YL Biotech	96T	Ask for price

Human Glypican-6,GPC-6 ELISA KIT
E3115Hu-1096T	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	10*96T	EUR 4122

Human Glypican-6,GPC-6 ELISA KIT
E3115Hu-48wells	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	48 wells	EUR 300

Human Glypican-6,GPC-6 ELISA KIT
E3115Hu-596T	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	5*96T	EUR 2061

Human Glypican-6,GPC-6 ELISA KIT
E3115Hu-96wells	Jiaxing Korain Biotech Ltd (BT Labs)	96 wells	EUR 458

Human Glypican-6, GPC-6 ELISA Kit
MBS9304706-10x96StripWells	MyBiosource	10x96-Strip-Wells	EUR 6725

Human Glypican-6, GPC-6 ELISA Kit
MBS9304706-48StripWells	MyBiosource	48-Strip-Wells	EUR 550

Human Glypican-6, GPC-6 ELISA Kit
MBS9304706-5x96StripWells	MyBiosource	5x96-Strip-Wells	EUR 3420

Human Glypican-6, GPC-6 ELISA Kit
MBS9304706-96StripWells	MyBiosource	96-Strip-Wells	EUR 765

Human Glypican-6, GPC-6 ELISA Kit
MBS165463-10x96StripWells	MyBiosource	10x96-Strip-Wells	EUR 3460

Human Glypican-6, GPC-6 ELISA Kit
MBS165463-48StripWells	MyBiosource	48-Strip-Wells	EUR 285

Human Glypican-6, GPC-6 ELISA Kit
MBS165463-5x96StripWells	MyBiosource	5x96-Strip-Wells	EUR 1750

Human Glypican-6, GPC-6 ELISA Kit
MBS165463-96StripWells	MyBiosource	96-Strip-Wells	EUR 425

Human Glypican 3 Protein (Gln 25-His 559)
VAng-1696Lsx-100g	Creative Biolabs	100 µg	EUR 1116
Description: Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) is expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P51654-1)

Human Glypican 3 Protein (Gln 25-His 559)
VAng-1696Lsx-1mg	Creative Biolabs	1 mg	EUR 5998.8
Description: Human Glypican 3 (GPC3) is expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: P51654-1)

Human Glypican 6 ELISA kit
E01A4951	BlueGene	96T	EUR 700
Description: ELISA

Recombinant Human Glypican 3 Protein, His Tag
E40KMP1201	EnoGene	20ug	EUR 495

Recombinant Human Glypican 1 Protein, His Tag
E40KMP1589	EnoGene	20ug	EUR 495

Recombinant Human Glypican-6 (GPC6)
CSB-YP009708HU	Cusabio	5689 mg	Ask for price

Recombinant Human Glypican-6(GPC6)
AP72579	SAB	1mg	EUR 2303

Recombinant Human Glypican-6 (GPC6)
CSB-EP009708HU	Cusabio	1297 mg	Ask for price

Recombinant Human Glypican-6 (GPC6)
MBS1312042-002mgBaculovirus	MyBiosource	0.02mg(Baculovirus)	EUR 1370

Recombinant Human Glypican-6 (GPC6)
MBS1312042-002mgEColi	MyBiosource	0.02mg(E-Coli)	EUR 1075

Recombinant Human Glypican-6 (GPC6)
MBS1312042-002mgYeast	MyBiosource	0.02mg(Yeast)	EUR 1130

Recombinant Human Glypican-6 (GPC6)
MBS1312042-01mgEColi	MyBiosource	0.1mg(E-Coli)	EUR 1255

Recombinant Human Glypican-6 (GPC6)
MBS1312042-01mgYeast	MyBiosource	0.1mg(Yeast)	EUR 1330

Human GPC-6 (Glypican-6) ELISA Kit
MBS7614949-10x96StripWells	MyBiosource	10x96-Strip-Wells	EUR 3900

Human GPC-6 (Glypican-6) ELISA Kit
MBS7614949-48StripWells	MyBiosource	48-Strip-Wells	EUR 340

Human GPC-6 (Glypican-6) ELISA Kit
MBS7614949-5x96StripWells	MyBiosource	5x96-Strip-Wells	EUR 2045

Human GPC-6 (Glypican-6) ELISA Kit
MBS7614949-96StripWells	MyBiosource	96-Strip-Wells	EUR 455

Human Glypican-6, GPC-6 GENLISA ELISA
KBH3115	Krishgen	1 x 96 wells	EUR 286

Human Glypican 2 Protein (Ser 24-Gly 554) [Fc]
VAng-1694Lsx-100g	Creative Biolabs	100 µg	EUR 1215.6
Description: Human Glypican 2 (GPC2), Fc Tag, is expressed in human 293 cells. (Uniprot ID: Q8N158-1)

Maintenance and differentiation of human ES cells on polyvinylidene fluoride scaffolds immobilized with a vitronectin-derived peptide

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is biocompatible, easy to fabricate, and has piezoelectric properties; it has been used for many biomedical applications including stem cell engineering. However, long-term cultivation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their differentiation toward cardiac lineages on PVDF have not been investigated.

Herein, PVDF nanoscaled membrane scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning; a vitronectin-derived peptide-mussel adhesive protein fusion (VNm) was immobilized on the scaffolds. hESCs cultured on the VNm-coated PVDF scaffold (VNm-PVDF scaffold) were stably expanded for more than 10 passages while maintaining the expression of pluripotency markers and genomic integrity.

Under cardiac differentiation conditions, hESCs on the VNm-PVDF scaffold generated more spontaneously beating colonies and showed the upregulation of cardiac-related genes, compared with those cultured on Matrigel and VNm alone. Thus, VNm-PVDF scaffolds may be suitable for the long-term culture of hESCs and their differentiation into cardiac cells, thus expanding their application in regenerative medicine.